programming language
|name
Clean
|logo
In computer science, Clean is a general-purpose purely functional computer programming language.

Features
  • Referential transparency - a function, given the same inputs, always gives the same output.

  • Uniqueness typing system - easily and functionally deal with unduplicatable resources such as input and output without monads

  • List comprehension - compact, powerful list generation syntax

  • Guards for clear, concise conditionals

  • Included IDE.

  • Portability is almost always a simple recompile to support another platform, due to the high level of abstraction.

  • Automatic garbage collection

  • Higher order functions and Currying

  • Delayed evaluation support allows infinite data structures


  • Examples
    Hello world (Store as hello.icl):

    module hello

    Start = "Hello, world!"

    Factorial:
    module factorial

    fac 0 = 1
    fac n = n
  • fac (n-1)


  • // find the factorial of 10
    Start = fac 10

    Fibonacci sequence:
    module fibonacci

    fib 0 = 0
    fib 1 = 1
    fib n = fib (n - 2) + fib (n - 1)

    Start = fib 7

    Infix operator:
    (^) infixr 8 :: Int Int -> Int
    (^) x 0 = 1
    (^) x n = x
  • x ^ (n-1)


  • The type declaration states that the function is a right associative infix operator with priority 8: this states that x
  • x^(n-1) is equivalent to x*(x^(n-1)) as opposed to (x*x)^(n-1); this operator is pre-defined in the Clean standard environment.


  • How Clean works
    Computation is based on graph rewriting and reduction. Constants such as numbers are graphs and functions are graph rewriting formulas. This, combined with compilation to native code, makes Clean programs relatively fast, even with high abstraction.

    Compiling
    # Source files (.icl) and project files (.dcl) are converted into Clean's platform independent bytecode (.abc), implemented in C and Clean.
    # Bytecode is converted to object code (.obj) using C.
    # object code is linked with other files in the module and the runtime system and converted into a normal executable in Clean.
    Earlier Clean system versions were written completely in C, thus avoiding bootstrapping issues.

    Platforms
    Clean is available for
  • Windows

  • But with limited input-output capabilities and without the "Dynamics" feature prior to version 2.2 for the following platforms:
  • Macintosh

  • Solaris

  • Linux


  • License

    Clean is dual licensed: it is available under the terms of the GNU LGPL, and also under a proprietary license for €75.

    See also
  • Haskell programming language

  • List of functional programming topics


  • External links
  • Clean homepage

  • Clean Language Reports

  • An introductory textbook to Clean

  • Clean in FOLDOC

  • Clean in The Computer Language Benchmarks Game


  • Category:Programming languages
    Category:Functional languages
    Category:Term-rewriting programming languages

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