Brown

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The color brown is displayed at right. Another name for this color (rarely used) is ''dark orange''.

''Brown'' paint can be produced by adding black or their complementary colors to rose, red, orange, or yellow colored paint. As a color of low intensity it is a tertiary color in the original technical sense: a mix of the three subtractive primary colors is brown if the cyan content is low. Brown exists as a color perception only in the presence of a brighter color contrast: yellow, orange, red, or rose objects are still perceived as such if the general illumination level is low, despite reflecting the same amount of red or orange light as a brown object would in normal lighting conditions.

The first recorded use of ''brown'' as a color name in English was in 1000.Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 191

Brown in culture

Astronomy

The planet Jupiter has orange, red, and brown coloration in its clouds.

Astronomers have recently detected the existence of the long theorized formerly hypothetical but now known to be actual astronomical objects called brown dwarves, which are intermediate in mass between a gas giant planet and a star. Website about brown dwarves:

Business

''Pullman Brown''is the color of the United Parcel Service (UPS) delivery company with their trademark brown trucks and uniforms. UPS is a trademark of UPS. In its advertising, UPS refers to itself as "Brown" ("What can Brown do for you?").

City Planning

Brownfields are abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities where redevelopment for infill housing is complicated by real or perceived environmental contaminations.

Cooking

Browning (partial cooking) is a process to remove excess fat from meat by heating, as under a broiler or in a frying pan, until it turns brown.

Food

Beef, Venison, Duck, and Lamb are all meats that are colored brown.

Brown sugar is a favorite topping for porridge served with milk, a favorite breakfast food.

Chocolate is often associated with the color brown.

Games

In the billiard game of Snooker the 4-point snooker ball is brown.

Ethnography

Brown is sometimes used to refer to brown people in general or sometimes more specifically to the darker skinned Indo-Aryan and Dravidian of South AsiaAhmed, Tanzila. Alternet mix the message. Desi Power Online. 2006. September 9, 2006. . or to Latin Americans.

The term ''brown'' or ''bronze'' may be used by mestizo Hispanics to describe themselves, and by extension these terms may sometimes be applied to all Hispanics, even those of purely European ancestry.

Austronesians in the 19th Century and 20th Century were often referred to as the Malayan race or ''brown'' race.

Holidays

The colors brown and orange represent the United States and Canadian holiday of Thanksgiving.

Movies

Four shades of brown http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0342636/ is the title of a Swedish film from 2004

Music

Brown Sugar is one of the most popular songs by the Rolling Stones (Album: Sticky Fingers).

The song "Brown Eyed Girl" is by the artist Van Morrison (Album: Blowin' Your Mind!).

The song "Wynona's Big Brown Beaver" is by the artist Primus (Album: Tales from the Punchbowl).

Nature

Many soils are brown.

Many kinds of wood and the bark of many trees are brown.

Feces are usually brown.

A large number of mammals and predatory birds have a brown coloration. This sometimes changes seasonally, and sometimes remains the same year-round. This color is likely related to camouflage, since the backdrop of some environments, such as the forest floor, is often brown, and especially in the spring and summertime when animals like the Snowshoe Hare get brown fur.

Parapsychology

It is said that people who have brown auras are often unethical businessmen who are in business purely for the sake of greed, or people who are just generally greedy and avaricious. Swami Panchadasi ''The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms'' Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 37

Politics

In the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, the German Nazi paramilitary organization the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) wore brown uniforms and were known as the brownshirts. It was often said of members of the SA that they were like a beefsteak--"brown on the outside, and red on the inside"--because many of them were former Communists. The color brown was used to represent the Nazi vote on maps of electoral districts in Germany. If someone voted for the Nazis, they were said to be "voting brown". The national headquarters of the Nazi party, in Munich, was called the ''Brown House''. At Adolf Hitler's Obersalzberg home, the Berghof, he slept in a "bed which was usually covered by a brown quilt embroidered with a huge swastika. The swastika also appeared on Hitler's brown satin pajamas, embroidered in black against a red background on the pocket. He had a matching brown silk robe." Infield, Glenn B. ''Eva and Adolf'' New York:1974--Grosset and Dunlap Page 142 (The author compiled this book by interviewing Albert Speer and others who had been in Hitler's inner circle, such as SS men, secretaries, and housekeepers. The author also consulted the Musmanno Archives, a record of post-war interviews with over 200 people who had been close to Adolph Hitler or Eva Braun.)

Sports

Brown is often used as a color of athletic jerseys and logos. Perhaps the most notable are the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League. The team got its name from its founder and long-time coach, Paul Brown. The St. Louis Browns are a former Major League Baseball team, now known as the Baltimore Orioles. For about 25 years, the San Diego Padres had brown as a primary team color.

Brown pigments

Bistre

Sienna (burnt and raw)

Umber (burnt and raw)

References